Market Focus: Economic Data and Central Banks' Policies

EGB curves bear-flattened yesterday, with investors adjusting their positions ahead of upcoming macro events. Gilts were the stars of the day, with their yields declining after July jobs data confirmed a softening of the labor market, while USTs were little changed. European stocks edged moderately lower. Brent rose by 1.5% to USD 92/bbl

 

Caution has prevailed overnight, as highlighted by the weak performance of Asian stocks as well as US and European stock futures. While USTs are little changed, Bund futures have edged lower following a Reuters report that the ECB might raise its inflation projection for next year to above 3%. EGBs are set to open the trading session under pressure. In FX, EUR-USD has risen towards the 1.0750 area and USD-JPY has reached 147.40.

EGB issuance activity will be quite lively today, with Italy, Germany and Portugal selling a total of EUR 13bn. Focus will be on the new 7Y BTP, the fourth and last new benchmark to be issued by Italy in 3Q23. With respect to the macro data, investor focus will be on US CPI data. The inflation report precedes the FOMC meeting by a week and will probably affect the Fed’s decision and, to a lesser extent, the updated economic projections that will be published next Wednesday. August CPI data are expected to show a mixed picture, with headline inflation likely having increased due to higher energy prices (in August, the average oil price was 6% higher than in July), while core inflation probably softened further.

If data come in line with our estimates and consensus, the impact on fixed-income securities will probably be negligible as there seems to be consensus among analysts.

Although market-based inflation expectations have already risen due to higher energy prices, especially at shorter tenors, their increase has been limited and breakeven rates have remained within the trading ranges of the last three months.

Since 10 August, when July CPI data were published, the 10Y UST yield has risen by 20bp, with the real yield component, now close to 2%, contributing almost 100%. This move shows that inflation expectations remain anchored and that the re-acceleration of headline inflation in August is not seen as a major concern for investors or the Fed.

On the other hand, the fresh increase in real yields seems to suggest that investors are continuing to reduce their expectations of a recession in the US and a rapid shift towards a looser monetary policy by the Fed.

We see credit starting on a more cautious tone today ahead of the release of US CPI data in the afternoon and higher oil prices are weighing on equity markets. The sentiment on the Swedish residential property market declined again in September with more respondents in the monthly SBAB house price survey now seeing prices falling. The market expectation of a further rate hike by the Swedish central bank indicates expectations that further rising borrowing costs and inflation will lead to accommodation becoming less affordable. Swedish residential property prices are around 10% below their peak in March 2022 and market commentators see overall price declines of 20% as possible. For Swedish banks we see a further decline as still manageable given that average LTVs are in the 50-60% rang

 

Today and tomorrow are set to be two crucial days for the FX market

US CPI inflation for August is the key release early this afternoon, but the USD reaction might prove to be complicated. This is because the US data will likely be mixed. We expect a rise in the headline index and a further decline in the core rate.

This might spark some USD swings when the data are published but FX majors will probably end today’s session not far from current levels, given the ECB decision tomorrow.

For there to be a more directional reaction, both headline and core inflation would have to surprise to the upside or the downside. Since a steady FOMC meeting outcome on 20 September is highly likely at this point, we expect the market reaction to be asymmetric and think that softer-than-expected data (even in the headline component) are unlikely to dent the current USD strength too much. On the other hand, an unexpected and sharp acceleration in the core index is probably needed to force investors to return to pricing in a higher chance of another rate hike in the US next week, which would drive the dollar index (DXY) back towards the recent peak of 105.15. In our view,

EUR-USD is set to remain close to 1.0750, after press report suggesting that the ECB expects inflation to remain above 3% next year. Recent lows of around 1.0690 and 1.0770-1.08 are thus the key levels to monitor.

Meanwhile, bad economic data in the UK early this morning will likely keep GBP-USD below 1.25. The return of USDJPY to 147 makes it clear that the debate on policy normalization in Japan is not enough to convince investors to ride a yen recovery, while USD-CNY and USD-CNH are likely to remain below 7.30 amid higher funding costs in the offshore market.

Early tomorrow morning the decline that we expect in both headline and core inflation data in Sweden is unlikely to prevent another 25bp rate hike by the Riksbank next week.

Still, the data will probably weigh somewhat on the SEK at the start of the European session.

The PLN looks set to continue to suffer from the NBP’s bold rate cut last week. The HUF will likely trade close to 385 against the EUR after Hungarian Economic Development Minister Nagy hinted at stagnant growth for Hungary this year, while the NBH confirmed that the base rate (now 13%) will replace the 1D depo rate (now 14%) from 1 October. Lastly, the RUB steadying around 95 against the USD further suggests a steady outcome to the CBR meeting on Friday.