Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) drew impressive investor interest last year
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Dina Ting, our Head of Global Index Portfolio Management, offers her perspective on the allure of multifactor US mid-capitalization strategies for 2023.
Many investors are happy to be moving on from the market volatility of 2022, which left a mere few good places to hide. Quite notably, however, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) drew impressive investor interest last year. Overall ETF usage marked a new annual record of over US$45 trillion in trading volume by the end of 2022—about US$10 trillion more than 2021’s haul.1 US ETF net inflows also reached nearly US$600 billion in 2022, with nearly US$38 billion in December.2
Following an extended winning streak for the large-cap US growth sector, big technology sector weakness led to much of the red seen in 2022, which may signal that a rotation is underway. In our analysis, while US small-cap stocks remain cheap, they may experience greater volatility and encounter lower liquidity amid interest rate hikes, especially should markets enter recessionary territory. Looking ahead, investors seeking consistent exposure to equities that may be able to better withstand turbulence than other asset classes may find it an ideal time to consider overlooked mid-cap stocks.
Why mid caps?
Hitting the so-called “sweet spot,” US mid caps—generally defined as companies with market capitalization between US$2 and US$10 billion—can offer faster growth prospects than large caps along with a lower risk profile than small caps.
Large-Cap and Mid-Cap Return 2000-2022
Sources: Bloomberg and Morningstar as of December 31, 2022; Performance shown in USD, Total Returns. Past performance does not predict future returns. Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index. Important data provider notices and terms available at www.franklintempletondatasources.com. The Russell 1000 Index is a stock market index that tracks the highest-ranking 1,000 stocks in the Russell 3000 Index, which represent about 93% of the total market capitalization of that index. The Russell Midcap Index measures performance of the 800 smallest companies (approximately 27% of total capitalization) in the Russell 1000 Index.
Mid caps also have a history of outperformance in periods following financial recessions. From 2003 until 2006, mid caps outperformed large-cap stocks for three consecutive years following the recession of the early 2000s. Looking at annual total return from 2009, mid caps similarly outperformed over four out of the five years after the global financial crisis. Not only did they also perform well compared to the small-cap segment post-recession, but the cumulative returns from the start of 2000 through December 2022 show the Russell Midcap Index far outpaced the large-cap Russell 1000 Index with returns of 598% versus 334%.3
One-Year Returns After Recession Date
Source: Morningstar Direct as of December 31, 2022. Past performance does not predict future returns. Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index. Important data provider notices and terms available at www.franklintempletondatasources.com. Russell 2000 Index is market capitalization weighted and measures the performance of the approximately 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000 Index that represent a small amount of the total market capitalization of the Russell 3000 Index. Russell Midcap Index is market capitalization weighted and measures the performance of the approximately 800 smallest companies in the Russell 1000 Index that represent a modest amount of the Russell 1000 Index’s total market capitalization.
Another added benefit of this sometimes-forgotten segment is diversification. Mid caps tend to be less impacted by currency fluctuations and global downturns than large caps, which often include major corporations and multinationals that operate around the world.
Investors also tend to be underallocated to mid caps. Based on overall market capitalization, we might expect funds to allocate three times as much to large caps compared to mid caps. However, investment in large-cap mutual funds and ETFs is about seven times more than that of their mid-cap peers.4 Market observers have lamented that US large caps have become even more concentrated, as they are dominated now by mega tech holdings.
At the end of 2022, technology sector holdings comprised 24% of the Russell 1000 Index, including 13.4% of the top 10 holdings in the index.5 Meanwhile, tech sector holdings in the Russell Midcap Index made up just half that at 12%, with tech representing just 1.5% of its top 10.6
Beyond the market-cap criteria, we believe that multifactor strategies can potentially deliver enhanced diversification with higher risk-adjusted returns and lower volatility than traditional market cap-based indexing. In our view, a forward-looking, rules-based index design that analyzes individual stock exposure against a well-vetted blend of factors—quality, value, momentum and low volatility—helps provide exposure to high-quality companies at a reasonable price while avoiding value traps.
| One-year absolute return by factors | |
|---|---|
| Value | -3.6% |
| Low Volatility | -6.3% |
| Quality | -12.2% |
| Momentum | -15.7% |
Source: Bloomberg as of December 30, 2022. Past performance does not predict future returns. Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index. Important data provider notices and terms available at www.franklintempletondatasources.com. The S&P Pure Value Index includes only those components of S&P MidCap 400 that exhibit strong value characteristics, and weights them by value score. The S&P MidCap 400 Low Volatility Index measures the performance of the 80 least-volatile stocks in the S&P MidCap 400. The S&P MidCap 400 Quality Index is designed to track high quality stocks in the S&P MidCap 400 by quality score, which is calculated based on return on equity, accruals ratio and financial leverage ratio. The S&P MidCap 400 Momentum Index is designed to measure the performance of securities in the S&P MidCap 400 universe that exhibit persistence in their relative performance.
As shown in the table above, the value factor—which emphasizes inexpensive stocks relative to their fundamentals—performed better than the broader market last year, with the S&P MidCap 400 Pure Value Index returning -3.6% against the S&P MidCap 400 Index, which was down about -13% for the year.7 By comparison, momentum stocks, which tend to show ongoing positive price trends, underperformed the most in 2022. Quality-tilted stocks, marked by profitable companies with capital efficiency and low volatility traits, together helped hedge against risks.
We believe a strategic combination of these factors can result in a smoother return profile, which should appeal to investors as we embark on another year of shifting market conditions.
Endnotes
- Source: Bloomberg as of December 31, 2022.
- Source: Morningstar as of December 31, 2022.
- Source: Bloomberg as of December 30, 2022. Past performance does not predict future returns. Indexes are unmanaged and one cannot invest directly in an index. Important data provider notices and terms available at www.franklintempletondatasources.com. The Russell Midcap Index measures performance of the 800 smallest companies (approximately 27% of total capitalization) in the Russell 1000 Index. The Russell 1000 Index is a stock market index that tracks the highest-ranking 1,000 stocks in the Russell 3000 Index, which represent about 93% of the total market capitalization of that index.
- Source: Morningstar as of December 31, 2022. Compares Morningstar large-cap blend/growth value categories vs. mid-cap blend/growth value categories.
- Source: Bloomberg as of December 30, 2022.
- Ibid.
- Ibid. The S&P MidCap 400 Index serves as a gauge for the US mid-cap equities sector and is the most widely followed mid-cap index.
WHAT ARE THE RISKS?
All investments involve risks, including possible loss of principal. The value of investments can go down as well as up, and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Stock prices fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and dramatically, due to factors affecting individual companies, particular industries or sectors, or general market conditions. To the extent a strategy focuses on particular countries, regions, industries, sectors or types of investment from time to time, it may be subject to greater risks of adverse developments in such areas of focus than a strategy that invests in a wider variety of countries, regions, industries, sectors or investments.
ETFs trade like stocks, fluctuate in market value and may trade above or below the ETF’s net asset value. Brokerage commissions and ETF expenses will reduce returns. ETF shares may be bought or sold throughout the day at their market price on the exchange on which they are listed. However, there can be no guarantee that an active trading market for ETF shares will be developed or maintained or that their listing will continue or remain unchanged. While the shares of ETFs are tradable on secondary markets, they may not readily trade in all market conditions and may trade at significant discounts in periods of market stress.
Smaller, mid-sized and relatively new or unseasoned companies can be particularly sensitive to changing economic conditions, and their prospects for growth are less certain than those of larger, more established companies. Historically, these securities have experienced more price volatility than larger company stocks, especially over the short-term. Smaller companies may be more susceptible to particular events or economic conditions, less certain growth prospects, lack of depth of management and funds for growth and development and limited or less developed product lines and markets.
